.research-page {
  display: grid;
  gap: 28px;
  padding: 36px 0 18px;
}

.research-hero {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 0.92fr) minmax(360px, 0.48fr);
  gap: 32px;
  align-items: stretch;
}

.research-hero-copy {
  display: grid;
  align-content: center;
  min-height: 430px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line-200);
  border-radius: 24px;
  background: var(--white);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow);
  padding: 38px;
}

.research-hero-copy h1 {
  max-width: 820px;
  margin: 10px 0 0;
  font-size: clamp(46px, 6vw, 76px);
  line-height: 0.98;
  letter-spacing: 0;
}

.research-hero-copy p {
  max-width: 670px;
  margin: 22px 0 0;
  color: var(--ink-500);
  font-size: 19px;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.research-hero-panel {
  display: grid;
  align-content: start;
  gap: 18px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(18, 99, 93, 0.16);
  border-radius: 24px;
  background: var(--teal-50);
  padding: 28px;
}

.research-hero-panel strong {
  max-width: 360px;
  font-size: 34px;
  line-height: 1.02;
}

.research-hero-panel p {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--ink-500);
  font-size: 16px;
  line-height: 1.52;
}

.research-hero-panel dl {
  display: grid;
  gap: 10px;
  margin: 10px 0 0;
}

.research-hero-panel dl div {
  display: grid;
  gap: 6px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(18, 99, 93, 0.12);
  border-radius: 16px;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.7);
  padding: 14px;
}

.research-hero-panel dt,
.research-hero-panel dd {
  margin: 0;
}

.research-hero-panel dt {
  color: var(--ink-500);
  font-size: 12px;
  font-weight: 850;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.research-hero-panel dd {
  color: var(--ink-900);
  font-size: 17px;
  font-weight: 850;
}

.research-intro-band,
.research-product-flow,
.research-boundary-band,
.research-questions-band {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(260px, 0.38fr) minmax(0, 0.62fr);
  gap: 28px;
  align-items: start;
  border: 1px solid var(--line-200);
  border-radius: 24px;
  background: var(--white);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-soft);
  padding: 30px;
}

.research-intro-band h2,
.research-product-flow h2,
.research-boundary-band h2,
.research-questions-band h2,
.research-section-heading h2 {
  max-width: 720px;
  margin: 8px 0 0;
  font-size: clamp(30px, 3.5vw, 48px);
  line-height: 1.03;
  letter-spacing: 0;
}

.research-intro-band > p,
.research-product-flow > div > p,
.research-boundary-band > div > p,
.research-section-heading p {
  max-width: 720px;
  margin: 14px 0 0;
  color: var(--ink-500);
  font-size: 17px;
  line-height: 1.55;
}

.research-section-heading {
  display: grid;
  gap: 2px;
  margin-bottom: 18px;
}

.research-principles,
.research-source-section {
  display: grid;
  gap: 18px;
}

.research-principle-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 14px;
}

.research-principle-card {
  display: grid;
  gap: 18px;
  align-content: start;
  min-height: 320px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line-200);
  border-radius: 18px;
  background: var(--white);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-soft);
  padding: 20px;
}

.research-card-number {
  display: grid;
  width: 38px;
  height: 38px;
  place-items: center;
  border-radius: 999px;
  background: var(--teal-900);
  color: var(--white);
  font-size: 12px;
  font-weight: 950;
}

.research-principle-card h2 {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: 24px;
  line-height: 1.06;
  letter-spacing: 0;
}

.research-principle-card p {
  margin: 10px 0 0;
  color: var(--ink-500);
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.research-product-note {
  display: grid;
  gap: 7px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line-200);
  padding-top: 16px;
}

.research-product-note strong {
  color: var(--teal-900);
  font-size: 12px;
  font-weight: 900;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.research-product-note span {
  color: var(--ink-700);
  font-size: 14px;
  line-height: 1.45;
}

.research-mini-sources {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 7px;
  margin-top: auto;
}

.research-mini-sources a {
  display: inline-flex;
  min-height: 30px;
  align-items: center;
  border: 1px solid rgba(18, 99, 93, 0.18);
  border-radius: 999px;
  background: var(--teal-50);
  color: var(--teal-900);
  padding: 0 10px;
  font-size: 11px;
  font-weight: 900;
  line-height: 1;
}

.research-step-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 10px;
}

.research-step-card {
  display: grid;
  gap: 10px;
  min-height: 156px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(18, 99, 93, 0.14);
  border-radius: 16px;
  background: var(--teal-50);
  padding: 16px;
}

.research-step-card span {
  color: var(--teal-900);
  font-size: 12px;
  font-weight: 950;
}

.research-step-card strong {
  font-size: 18px;
  line-height: 1.12;
}

.research-step-card p {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--ink-500);
  font-size: 14px;
  line-height: 1.45;
}

.research-boundary-band {
  background: var(--ink-900);
  color: var(--white);
}

.research-boundary-band .small-label,
.research-boundary-band p {
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.72);
}

.research-boundary-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 10px;
}

.research-boundary-grid span {
  display: grid;
  min-height: 52px;
  align-items: center;
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.14);
  border-radius: 14px;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.06);
  padding: 12px 14px;
  font-weight: 850;
}

.research-source-group {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(240px, 0.32fr) minmax(0, 0.68fr);
  gap: 22px;
  align-items: start;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line-200);
  padding: 22px 0 6px;
}

.research-source-group h2 {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: 24px;
  line-height: 1.06;
  letter-spacing: 0;
}

.research-source-group p {
  max-width: 430px;
  margin: 10px 0 0;
  color: var(--ink-500);
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.research-source-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 10px;
}

.research-source-card {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 44px minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 12px;
  align-items: start;
  border: 1px solid var(--line-200);
  border-radius: 16px;
  background: var(--white);
  color: var(--ink-900);
  padding: 14px;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.research-source-card:hover {
  border-color: rgba(18, 99, 93, 0.26);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-soft);
  transform: translateY(-1px);
}

.research-source-mark {
  display: grid;
  width: 44px;
  height: 44px;
  place-items: center;
  overflow: hidden;
  border: 1px solid rgba(18, 99, 93, 0.16);
  border-radius: 999px;
  background: var(--teal-50);
  color: var(--teal-900);
  font-size: 11px;
  font-weight: 950;
}

.research-source-mark img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
}

.research-source-card strong,
.research-source-card em,
.research-source-card small {
  display: block;
}

.research-source-card strong {
  font-size: 15px;
  line-height: 1.2;
}

.research-source-card em {
  margin-top: 4px;
  color: var(--ink-500);
  font-size: 13px;
  font-style: normal;
  line-height: 1.3;
}

.research-source-card small {
  margin-top: 7px;
  color: var(--teal-900);
  font-size: 11px;
  font-weight: 900;
  line-height: 1.3;
}

.research-questions-band ol {
  display: grid;
  gap: 10px;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  list-style: none;
  counter-reset: question;
}

.research-questions-band li {
  position: relative;
  min-height: 58px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line-200);
  border-radius: 14px;
  background: var(--surface-100);
  padding: 16px 16px 16px 52px;
  color: var(--ink-700);
  font-weight: 760;
  line-height: 1.38;
  counter-increment: question;
}

.research-questions-band li::before {
  content: counter(question, decimal-leading-zero);
  position: absolute;
  top: 16px;
  left: 16px;
  color: var(--teal-900);
  font-size: 12px;
  font-weight: 950;
}

@media (max-width: 980px) {
  .research-hero,
  .research-intro-band,
  .research-product-flow,
  .research-boundary-band,
  .research-questions-band,
  .research-source-group {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .research-principle-grid,
  .research-step-grid,
  .research-source-grid {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  }
}

@media (max-width: 640px) {
  .research-page {
    gap: 16px;
    padding-top: 18px;
  }

  .research-hero {
    gap: 14px;
  }

  .research-hero-copy,
  .research-hero-panel,
  .research-intro-band,
  .research-product-flow,
  .research-boundary-band,
  .research-questions-band,
  .research-principle-card,
  .research-source-card {
    border-radius: 16px;
    padding: 18px;
  }

  .research-hero-copy {
    min-height: 0;
  }

  .research-hero-copy h1 {
    font-size: 40px;
    line-height: 1;
  }

  .research-hero-copy p,
  .research-section-heading p,
  .research-intro-band > p,
  .research-product-flow > div > p,
  .research-boundary-band > div > p {
    font-size: 15px;
  }

  .research-principle-grid,
  .research-step-grid,
  .research-boundary-grid,
  .research-source-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }
}